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History, at its core, is made up of the stories of thousands of individuals. Often these individuals are the rich and powerful, but historians also study those with less authority and agency. In this module, you will look at sources and case studies about individual historical figures, specific texts, or small communities from the ancient world to the modern period, such as Anna Comnena, Pliny, and the sixteenth century miller, Domenico Scandella. By examining the sources made by and about these individuals and their surrounding historiography, this module invites you to think critically about how historians construct meaning out of documents and accounts written within specific contexts.

History, at its core, is made up of the stories of thousands of individuals. Often these individuals are the rich and powerful, but historians also study those with less authority and agency. In this module, you will look at sources and case studies about individual historical figures, specific texts, or small communities from the ancient world to the modern period, such as Anna Comnena, Pliny, and the sixteenth century miller, Domenico Scandella. By examining the sources made by and about these individuals and their surrounding historiography, this module invites you to think critically about how historians construct meaning out of documents and accounts written within specific contexts.

Within this module you will investigate processes and deposits associated with volcanism on Earth, specifically focussed on physical volcanology and mantle processes generated the melt. The module is particularly hands on with numerous practical sessions and fieldwork.

Within this module you will investigate processes and deposits associated with volcanism on Earth, specifically focussed on physical volcanology and mantle processes generated the melt. The module is particularly hands on with numerous practical sessions and fieldwork.

Within this module you will investigate processes and deposits associated with volcanism on Earth, specifically focussed on physical volcanology and mantle processes generated the melt. The module is particularly hands on with numerous practical sessions and fieldwork.

The conflict that raged between the Plantagenet and the Valois kings from 1337 to 1453, and spread over the whole of Occidental Europe, turned out to be the longest military struggle in history. In this module, you will explore how the Hundred Years War shaped the fate of two kingdoms, two nations and two peoples at the threshold of modernity. A wide variety of primary sources in translation (ex. treaties, treatises, manifestos, contracts, chronicles, legal suits, ordinances, royal remissions, official and private correspondences) will give you the opportunity to discuss key historical themes and debates, such as the rise of modern state, military revolutions, the cost of war, 'bastard feudalism' and the waning of the middle ages.
Part 1 begins with a detailed examination and contextualization of the feudo-dynastic origins of the war. Then, you will investigate the fourteenth century phase of the war (up to 1396), which, after a shaky start, was marked by two distinctive periods for the English crown: a wave of military and political successes, between 1346 and 1360, was followed up by a spectacular reversal of fortune, between 1369 and 1396. Analyzing these ebbs and flows, you will consider individual agency, political culture, chivalrous kingship, military strategy, logistics and recruitment.

The conflict that raged between the Plantagenet and the Valois kings from 1337 to 1453, and spread over the whole of Occidental Europe, turned out to be the longest military struggle in history. In this module, you will explore how the Hundred Years War shaped the fate of two kingdoms, two nations and two peoples at the threshold of modernity. A wide variety of primary sources in translation (ex. treaties, treatises, manifestos, contracts, chronicles, legal suits, ordinances, royal remissions, official and private correspondences) will give you the opportunity to discuss key historical themes and debates, such as the rise of modern state, military revolutions, the cost of war, 'bastard feudalism' and the waning of the middle ages.
Part 1 begins with a detailed examination and contextualization of the feudo-dynastic origins of the war. Then, you will investigate the fourteenth century phase of the war (up to 1396), which, after a shaky start, was marked by two distinctive periods for the English crown: a wave of military and political successes, between 1346 and 1360, was followed up by a spectacular reversal of fortune, between 1369 and 1396. Analyzing these ebbs and flows, you will consider individual agency, political culture, chivalrous kingship, military strategy, logistics and recruitment.

The conflict that raged between the Plantagenet and the Valois kings from 1337 to 1453, and spread over the whole of Occidental Europe, turned out to be the longest military struggle in history. In this module, you will explore how the Hundred Years War shaped the fate of two kingdoms, two nations and two peoples at the threshold of modernity. A wide variety of primary sources in translation (ex. treaties, treatises, manifestos, contracts, chronicles, legal suits, ordinances, royal remissions, official and private correspondences) will give you the opportunity to discuss key historical themes and debates, such as the rise of modern state, military revolutions, the cost of war, 'bastard feudalism' and the waning of the middle ages.
Part 1 begins with a detailed examination and contextualization of the feudo-dynastic origins of the war. Then, you will investigate the fourteenth century phase of the war (up to 1396), which, after a shaky start, was marked by two distinctive periods for the English crown: a wave of military and political successes, between 1346 and 1360, was followed up by a spectacular reversal of fortune, between 1369 and 1396. Analyzing these ebbs and flows, you will consider individual agency, political culture, chivalrous kingship, military strategy, logistics and recruitment.

The conflict that raged between the Plantagenet and the Valois kings from 1337 to 1453, and spread over the whole of Occidental Europe, turned out to be the longest military struggle in history. In this module, you will explore how the Hundred Years War shaped the fate of two kingdoms, two nations and two peoples at the threshold of modernity. A wide variety of primary sources in translation (ex. treaties, treatises, manifestos, contracts, chronicles, legal suits, ordinances, royal remissions, official and private correspondences) will give you the opportunity to discuss key historical themes and debates, such as the rise of modern state, military revolutions, the cost of war, 'bastard feudalism' and the waning of the middle ages.
Part 2 focuses on the fifteenth century phase of the war, from 1396 to 1453, which distinguishes itself from its earlier phase by a political and military shift from raids to conquest, occupation and the union of the two crowns under Henry V and Henry VI. You will explore this fundamental change in the nature of the conflict and its wider social, economic and cultural implications. Was the union of the two crowns doomed to failure? Why did the English eventually lose the war? You will assess different factors contributing to the English defeat, such as French military reforms, the rise of gunpowder, and the English growing disaffection for war. But for this assessment to be truly effective, you will also deconstruct a pervasive and deceiving French discourse which celebrates the inevitable reunion of the French subjects with their natural sovereign.

The conflict that raged between the Plantagenet and the Valois kings from 1337 to 1453, and spread over the whole of Occidental Europe, turned out to be the longest military struggle in history. In this module, you will explore how the Hundred Years War shaped the fate of two kingdoms, two nations and two peoples at the threshold of modernity. A wide variety of primary sources in translation (ex. treaties, treatises, manifestos, contracts, chronicles, legal suits, ordinances, royal remissions, official and private correspondences) will give you the opportunity to discuss key historical themes and debates, such as the rise of modern state, military revolutions, the cost of war, 'bastard feudalism' and the waning of the middle ages.
Part 2 focuses on the fifteenth century phase of the war, from 1396 to 1453, which distinguishes itself from its earlier phase by a political and military shift from raids to conquest, occupation and the union of the two crowns under Henry V and Henry VI. You will explore this fundamental change in the nature of the conflict and its wider social, economic and cultural implications. Was the union of the two crowns doomed to failure? Why did the English eventually lose the war? You will assess different factors contributing to the English defeat, such as French military reforms, the rise of gunpowder, and the English growing disaffection for war. But for this assessment to be truly effective, you will also deconstruct a pervasive and deceiving French discourse which celebrates the inevitable reunion of the French subjects with their natural sovereign.