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This module addresses the question ‘What is Cinema?’ through an exploration of how cinema has converged with art and technology from its earliest manifestations to the digital forms of the present day. It traces film’s emergence and continued development through a culture of sensation and the commodification of art, leisure and entertainment in Europe and the United States. You will be introduced to key methods of understanding these developments that will deepen your knowledge of the history of cinema as an art and as an entertainment culture.

Film Studies is an interdisciplinary subject, and this module seeks to develop cinema’s productive interconnection with the disciplines of literature, history, music, theatre studies, visual culture as well as the sciences. In most cases, examples of contemporary film and television will be used to deconstruct this fascinating genealogy of influence and reinvention. Through researching and examining a range of specific historical case-studies you will gain a broad understanding of the constellation of developments and discourses as well as the technologies and aesthetic practices that have helped fashion what cinema is today.

The analysis of social problems is a key area of sociological and criminological investigation. However, not all problems experienced by individuals are recognised as social problems by society and not all publicly recognised social problems are also discussed by policy-makers. Why do some issues come to be regarded as social problems ? Is this always because there is clear evidence the issues are socially harmful? What else affects this process? And why are only some of these issues taken up by policy makers? Are the public policy responses to the identified problems always appropriate? This course seeks to address these questions by exploring both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Empirically, it will focus on poverty, migration and youth crime (?). How have these issues been understood as problems and in what ways has this understanding affected the public policy response?

The analysis of social problems is a key area of sociological and criminological investigation. However, not all problems experienced by individuals are recognised as social problems by society and not all publicly recognised social problems are also discussed by policy-makers. Why do some issues come to be regarded as social problems ? Is this always because there is clear evidence the issues are socially harmful? What else affects this process? And why are only some of these issues taken up by policy makers? Are the public policy responses to the identified problems always appropriate? This course seeks to address these questions by exploring both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Empirically, it will focus on poverty, migration and youth crime (?). How have these issues been understood as problems and in what ways has this understanding affected the public policy response?

The analysis of social problems is a key area of sociological and criminological investigation. However, not all problems experienced by individuals are recognised as social problems by society and not all publicly recognised social problems are also discussed by policy-makers. Why do some issues come to be regarded as social problems ? Is this always because there is clear evidence the issues are socially harmful? What else affects this process? And why are only some of these issues taken up by policy makers? Are the public policy responses to the identified problems always appropriate? This course seeks to address these questions by exploring both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Empirically, it will focus on poverty, migration and youth crime (?). How have these issues been understood as problems and in what ways has this understanding affected the public policy response?

The twentieth century witnessed a seismic transformation in Britain’s relationship with the rest of the world. In 1914, Britain controlled the largest empire the world had ever seen. By 1960, the majority of Britain’s colonies were independent, or on the verge of independence. This has been examined in a good deal of detail. What has been less explored is what the people of Britain made of this change. How did they respond? The module examines a wide range of primary sources, including novels, the press, exhibitions and films in an attempt to evaluate public attitudes in the last stages of a collapsing empire.

How did British society respond to this change in status? In this module, you will use a wide variety of primary sources, including newspapers, novels, and films to assess what Britons thought about the world in which they lived and the challenges they faced. Did Britons respond by facing up to such challenges, or by failing to do so? How did the end of empire affect British identities? How much did Britons invest in the notion that the Commonwealth would see to it that Britain’s global pre-eminence was perpetuated by another means? Looking at the period from the First World War, through the troubles of the Depression and the Second World War and out into the postwar period, this module will afford a look at a rapidly changing cultural environment and how popular culture sought to make sense of the end of an era.

The module consists of the following 8 components:
1. Introduction;
2. Data link layer;
3. Medium access control sublayer;
4. Network layer;
5. Cellular wireless networks;
6. Wireless local area networks;
7. Assignment.

The module consists of the following 8 components:
1. Introduction;
2. Data link layer;
3. Medium access control sublayer;
4. Network layer;
5. Cellular wireless networks;
6. Wireless local area networks;
7. Assignment.