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Nature Based Solutions (NBS) – actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems – can play a critical role in mitigating not only climate change, but also increasing other benefits from nature (ecosystem services) that humans depend on. Indeed, the IUCN estimates that Nature-based Solutions can contribute up to 37% of the mitigation required to meet the Paris climate goal of keeping warming to 1.5°C. meeting Paris climate goals. Key NBS include actions such as reforestation, but also restoring natural flood defences and re-wetting peatlands, as well as techniques such as no-till agriculture which reduces soil erosion. As such, NBS can play a critical role in the monumental challenge humanity faces in achieving a sustainable future. However, to achieve their potential, NBS must be carefully deployed – not all locations are ecologically suitable or socially desirable for a given NBS.
Geographers are uniquely well-placed to help meet the challenge of effectively deploying NBS, as identifying such locations is an inherently geographical issue driven both by social, and ecological factors. In addition to gaining an understanding of Nature Based Solutions students will gain an ability to critically assess NBS in terms of their social and ecological trade-offs. These skills will be assessed through both lectures as well as a self-directed independent essay, and a written final examination.

Students will also be given the opportunity to gain an understanding of practical application of NBS in the field via at least one field trip. Field trip(s) will include teaching by by expert external staff who have delivered these interventions (i.e. a guided tour of reforestation at National Trust Slindon by NT rangers was done in 2022).

The critical assessment of potential solutions to environmental problems is an important transferable skill that will likely be valued by many employers both in government and private industry working within the growing environmental sector. In addition, the ability to present a critical summary of evidence both in written and oral format is an important transferable skill applicable to a very wide range of potential employers.

The waters of the world have frequently served to connect rather than divide communities, leading to water transport becoming of vital importance to society. The remains of ships and boats thus constitute a key primary source for maritime archaeology. The processes involved in their design, construction, use and disposal were dynamically linked to society as a whole. Therefore they cannot be seen simply as interesting technological phenomena, merely as passive ‘reflections’ of that society, or of a segregated ‘maritime’ community. Ships usually had a high symbolic profile and were involved in many social mechanisms such as trade and exchange, warfare, projection of status, or simply coastal subsistence strategies. Ships and boats are therefore directly or indirectly implicated in almost all strata of society.

This module aims to examine watercraft from an archaeological perspective, encompassing their technological features, tools of production, sequences of building, operating environment and contexts of use. But, the sources consulted are not restricted to archaeology, and draw in historical, ethnographic and experimental data to provide the fullest possible evidence base. Understanding the influences underlying their technological characteristics will allow a more valuable and interpretative understanding of ships and boats as ‘active’ material culture. Teaching is conducted through lectures, seminars, practical sessions and fieldtrips. By the end of the module you will be familiar with the scope, potential, central tenets and resource base of nautical archaeology. You will have gained key skills in the interpretation and recording of watercraft, and in the production of material to express this knowledge and skill base.

The waters of the world have frequently served to connect rather than divide communities, leading to water transport becoming of vital importance to society. The remains of ships and boats thus constitute a key primary source for maritime archaeology. The processes involved in their design, construction, use and disposal were dynamically linked to society as a whole. Therefore they cannot be seen simply as interesting technological phenomena, merely as passive ‘reflections’ of that society, or of a segregated ‘maritime’ community. Ships usually had a high symbolic profile and were involved in many social mechanisms such as trade and exchange, warfare, projection of status, or simply coastal subsistence strategies. Ships and boats are therefore directly or indirectly implicated in almost all strata of society.

This module aims to examine watercraft from an archaeological perspective, encompassing their technological features, tools of production, sequences of building, operating environment and contexts of use. But, the sources consulted are not restricted to archaeology, and draw in historical, ethnographic and experimental data to provide the fullest possible evidence base. Understanding the influences underlying their technological characteristics will allow a more valuable and interpretative understanding of ships and boats as ‘active’ material culture. Teaching is conducted through lectures, seminars, practical sessions and fieldtrips. By the end of the module you will be familiar with the scope, potential, central tenets and resource base of nautical archaeology. You will have gained key skills in the interpretation and recording of watercraft, and in the production of material to express this knowledge and skill base.

In 1948, Daniel Malan’s National Party took power in South Africa. Malan’s election victory over the Jan Smuts-led United Party and Labour Party alliance was only a slender one, and few of the National Party’s opponents could have envisaged that it would remain in power until 1994. Although racist laws had been introduced in South Africa before 1948, the period between 1948 and 1994 saw the extension and formalisation of the apartheid state of segregation and limited opportunity for black Africans. The fight against apartheid was conducted by forces that were limited in resources and often fragmented ideologically and tactically. Hampered as it was by state repression – including its being banned outright by the government in 1960 – the African National Congress (ANC) was at the heart of much of this struggle.

However, the histories of the ANC, of the apartheid state and resistance to this more broadly, and of the dismantling of this state from 1994 onwards, are complex, particularly for those who have never studied Africa before. This module will examine the history of modern South Africa through the lens of one key individual at the centre of the anti-apartheid struggle and of post-apartheid political life: Nelson Mandela. The aim is not to provide a completist account of Mandela’s life, but the module will run in a broadly chronological fashion, examining some of Mandela’s key political experiences. The module will draw heavily on the vast array of primary evidence available to the modern historian, from Mandela’s own writings, to government reports, contemporary newspaper articles and books, and popular culture such as art and music. Besides providing an introduction to modern South African history, therefore, the module will give you the opportunity to examine at first hand the primary documents that helped shape this history, and will get you to think about the ways that political motives and other forms of bias shape contemporaneous documents and historical memory. The module will also get you to consider different historiographical approaches to this topic.

In 1948, Daniel Malan’s National Party took power in South Africa. Malan’s election victory over the Jan Smuts-led United Party and Labour Party alliance was only a slender one, and few of the National Party’s opponents could have envisaged that it would remain in power until 1994. Although racist laws had been introduced in South Africa before 1948, the period between 1948 and 1994 saw the extension and formalisation of the apartheid state of segregation and limited opportunity for black Africans. The fight against apartheid was conducted by forces that were limited in resources and often fragmented ideologically and tactically. Hampered as it was by state repression – including its being banned outright by the government in 1960 – the African National Congress (ANC) was at the heart of much of this struggle.

However, the histories of the ANC, of the apartheid state and resistance to this more broadly, and of the dismantling of this state from 1994 onwards, are complex, particularly for those who have never studied Africa before. This module will examine the history of modern South Africa through the lens of one key individual at the centre of the anti-apartheid struggle and of post-apartheid political life: Nelson Mandela. The aim is not to provide a completist account of Mandela’s life, but the module will run in a broadly chronological fashion, examining some of Mandela’s key political experiences. The module will draw heavily on the vast array of primary evidence available to the modern historian, from Mandela’s own writings, to government reports, contemporary newspaper articles and books, and popular culture such as art and music. Besides providing an introduction to modern South African history, therefore, the module will give you the opportunity to examine at first hand the primary documents that helped shape this history, and will get you to think about the ways that political motives and other forms of bias shape contemporaneous documents and historical memory. The module will also get you to consider different historiographical approaches to this topic.

This module is designed to provide you with the underpinning scientific basis on which you can use to further develop your pharmacological knowledge as applied to neonatal clinical practice. You will have access to renown clinical pharmacology specialists who are working at the cutting edge of research and pharmacological management of the neonate.

This module is designed to provide you with the underpinning scientific basis on which you can use to further develop your pharmacological knowledge as applied to neonatal clinical practice. You will have access to renown clinical pharmacology specialists who are working at the cutting edge of research and pharmacological management of the neonate.

The module is designed to provide you with the neonatal haemodynamic theoretical basis you need for senior decision-making roles in neonatal clinical practice. The module will include clinical problem-based elements and will afford you the opportunity of considering different approaches and perspectives to the management of haemodynamic clinical problems by engagement and involvement in online case-based discussions.

The module is designed to provide you with the neonatal haemodynamic theoretical basis you need for senior decision-making roles in neonatal clinical practice. The module will include clinical problem-based elements and will afford you the opportunity of considering different approaches and perspectives to the management of haemodynamic clinical problems by engagement and involvement in online case-based discussions.

This module is designed to develop your knowledge by providing you with the scientific basis of the immune system, inflammation, infection and immunisation. This should enable you to develop your confidence to apply your knowledge to neonatal clinical practice.

You will have access to renowned clinical specialists in this area who have an active research interest in the prevention and management of infection in the neonate.